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The Italian author Dante and the english author Geoffrey Chaucer wrote in Vernacular, making vernacular literature very popular. From Italy the influence of the Renaissance spread across Europe; the scholarly writings of Erasmus and the plays of Shakespeare can be considered Renaissance in character. Platonic ideas were revived and put to the service of Christianity. 1.1.2.A: The invention of the printing press in the 1450s aided in spreading the Renaissance beyond Italy and encouraged the growth of vernacular literature, which would eventually contribute to the development of national cultures. Vernacular literature was further popularized in Britain in the Kingdom of Wessex by Alfred the Great(r. 871-899 CE) in an attempt to encourage widespread literacy, and other nations then followed suit. Canterbury Tales. Machiavelli believed that a leader had to understand public and private morality as two different things in order to rule well. Medieval & Renaissance Studies. The world was considered from an anthropocentric perspective. Renaissance literature refers to European literature that was influenced by the intellectual and cultural tendencies of the Renaissance. As a result, they were rarely taught Latin and had no access to the universities. He was condemned to perpetual exile; if he returned to Florence without paying a fine, he could be burned at the stake. French poet and essayist But she did not assert her intellectual abilities, or establish her authority as a writer, until she was widowed at the age of 25. Vernacular Literature; Renaissance Artists; Vernacular Literature Vernacular Literature is the language a person speaks from the place he/she is from. Writers of vernacular literature deviated from this trend by writing works in the language of the ordinary populace. The impact of the Renaissance varied across the continent; countries that were predominantly Catholic or predominantly Protestant experienced the Renaissance differently. Between 1393 and 1412 she composed over 300 ballads, and many more shorter poems. To pass the time, each pilgrim was to tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the return trip. Dante was accused of corruption and financial wrongdoing by the Black Guelphs for the time that he was serving as city prior (Florence’s highest position) for two months in 1300. Boccaccio, a countryman, friend, and student of Petrarch, assembled an encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology but never mastered Greek. The ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th century Florence, in particular in the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374). Villon wrote a poem from prison that emphasized the physical sufferings of the downtrodden. Written vernaculars increased enormously in use during the Renaissance. With the school of Lapo Gianni, Guido Cavalcanti, Cino da Pistoia, and Dante Alighieri, lyric poetry became exclusively Tuscan. 16 Oct. 2020 . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day, particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry. The book was dedicated to a noblewoman, but the narrator opens by addressing an audience of bourgeois women: “Most gracious ladies.” Boccaccio's social commentary on sexual, economic, and religious misconduct was written to a lay audience of women and men who shared his sympathetic perspective of human behavior. The temp tress-virgin mother models of women evident in the devotional tradition found a new expression in the romance tradition when Jean de Meun revised the famous thirteenth-century Romance of the Rose. Medieval & Renaissance Studies. By 1405, Christine had completed her most famous literary works, The Book of the City of Ladies and The Treasure of the City of Ladies. The English Renaissance and the Renaissance in Scotland date from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. The 1250s saw a major change in Italian poetry as the Dolce Stil Novo (Sweet New Style, which emphasized Platonic rather than courtly love) came into its own, pioneered by poets like Guittone d’Arezzo and Guido Guinizelli. In the 13th century, Italian authors began writing in their native vernacular language rather than in Latin, French, or Provençal. Picture from The Book of the City of Ladies: The Treasure of the City of Ladies is a manual of education by medieval Italian-French author Christine de Pizan. She also argues that slanderous speech erodes one’s honor and threatens the sisterly bond among women. The first inklings of a middle class began to gain power in the cities, as trade and commerce became full enterprises in their own right. In addition to its literary value and widespread influence, it provides a document of life at the time. Love is a divine gift that redeems man in the eyes of God, and the poet’s mistress is the angel sent from heaven to show the way to salvation. Her output during this period was prolific. His major work was The Decameron, a collection of 100 stories told by ten storytellers who have fled to the outskirts of Florence to escape the black plague over ten nights. Leone Battista Alberti, the learned Greek and Latin scholar, wrote in the vernacular, and Vespasiano da Bisticci, while he was constantly absorbed in Greek and Latin manuscripts, wrote the Vite di uomini illustri, valuable for their historical contents and rivaling the best works of the 14th century in their candor and simplicity. "Literacy and the Rise of Vernacular Literature These towns-people maintained businesses that required the ability to write basic correspondence and maintain account books. In northern Europe the scholarly writings of Erasmus, the plays of Shakespeare, the poems of Edmund Spenser, and the writings of Sir Philip Sidney may be considered Renaissance in character. Orlando furioso was the most perfect expression of the literary tendencies of the Italian Renaissance at this time, and it exercised enormous influence on later European Renaissance literature. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society. Northern European schools served mainly to educate young boys for a career in the church. Use of vernacular in literature appears to relate strongly to the growth of national feeling and the decline of the pan-European religious state of “Christendom”. The church offered two extreme models: the temptress Eve, who ended life in the Garden of Eden, and the Virgin Mary, who gave birth to Jesus. Reason, represented by Virgil, can lead one only so far. Following her birth, her father, Thomas de Pizan, accepted an appointment to the court of Charles V of France, as the king’s astrologer, alchemist, and physician. Finally, the Renaissance spawned the great creative vernacular literature of the late 16th century: the earthy fantasies of RABELAIS, the worldly essays of MONTAIGNE, the probing analysis of the human condition in the plays of William SHAKESPEARE. Petrarch and other Italian urbanites of the fourteenth century shared a kindred spirit with the great urban cultures of classical Athens and Republican Rome. Petrarch's vernacular works are more secular than Dante's works. Resourses A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. The church and “grammar” schools taught students Latin, whereas abacus schools taught in the local dialects. “Machiavellianism” is a widely used negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli described most famously in The Prince. Literacy and the Rise of Vernacular Literature. The Renaissance is commonly defined as a period of artistic, cultural, and philosophical rebirth of classical ideas and art forms, although the period also saw the development of new ideas, artistic conventions, and technologies. In De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular), however, Dante defended use of the vernacular in literature. Written in the vernacular of the Florentine language, it is considered a masterpiece of classical early Italian prose. It is characterized by the adoption of a Humanist philosophy and the recovery of the classical literature of Antiquity and benefited from the spread of printing in the latter part of the 15th century. 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