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Often, city-states secured the town by surrounding it with walls, and farmlands were located outside of the city walls. ~Incorporates higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. Stateless Nations: AP Human Geography Crash Course Review An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. Examples: Kurds, Palestinians, Basque, Saamis. Heartland Theory, also known as “The Geographic Pivot of History” theory, Mackinder thought that whoever controlled Eastern Europe, the heartland, would control the world. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their The term Balkanization refers to an area that was known as the Ottoman Empire, and it occupied the area where we have current countries like Bulgaria, Albania, and  Serbia. ... which is an example of devolution. Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws. In Italy, the richer north pushed for autonomy from the poorer south. The process where a nation's government becomes democratic. These two factors helped to spread nationalism around the globe and have influenced modern political boundaries. The Nation-State 49. 8 AP Human Geography. According to Tilly’s theory, military innovation in pre-modern Europe (especially gunpowder and mass armies) made war extremely expensive. B 6. Modern archaeological and anthropological evidence shows that many early societies were not as centralized, despotic, or unequal as the hydraulic theory would suggest. balkanization. Which challenge did many African nations face after gaining independence? Marx’s early writings portrayed the state as “parasitic,” built upon the superstructure of the economy and working against the public interest. Tags: Question 52 ... AP Human Geography Ethnicity, Race, and Political Geography . B 2. Learn More : Share this Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter Plus on Google+ irredentism. The study of the "political" organization of the world. The idea is that the heartland is a pivot point for controlling all of Asia and Africa, which he referred to as the World Island. Instead, you should write organized paragraphs for all parts of the prompt and label each part (A, B, etc. Created. Imagine, for example, if Canada announced a claim to Washington State, and maps published outside North America began showing that state as a disputed territory. 0. However, there are many dozens of other similarly self-governing regions around the globe, most with names designating their status. This process is often beneficial to the unitary nations to prevent political instability and conflict; however, it can be withdrawn by the central government at any time. This theory was articulated by German American historian Karl August Wittfogel in his book 1957 Oriental Despotism. As a result, only states with a sufficient amount of capital and a large population could afford to pay for their security and ultimately survive in a hostile environment. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2014. The idea or concept of a state originated in the Fertile Crescent between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. B) it supports diversity in the face of the globalization of culture. 1) Ethnicity is important because A) it promotes peace. Allows states within the state to determine whether to have Shari'a Laws. For example, a military base. If they want to speak their language or teach their specific religion in the local schools, then the central government allows local people to make those decisions. ~Incorporates lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology. Dahl called this kind of state a polyarchy. Marxist theory, on the other hand, sees politics as intimately intermingled with economic relations, and emphasizes the relationship between economic power and political power. Wittfogel argued that most of the earliest states were formed in hydraulic civilizations, by which he meant civilizations where leaders controlled people by controlling the water supply. The United States has had a challenging time resolving whether it wants to pursue a unitary or federal style government. Boundaries are often divided into two categories: (1) natural – following the course of a physical feature such as a river or ridgeline; (2) artificial – drawn by humans. Geography. Total Cards. Within the pluralist tradition, Robert Dahl developed the theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. Although Wittfogel’s theory is well known, it has also been criticized as inaccurate. Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. Theories of this variety view the state as a neutral entity distinct from both society and the economy. Often, these civilizations relied on complex irrigation systems that had to be centrally managed. True. 104 times. autocracy. Chapter 13 where a large amount description or image, apply mining, and petroleum region AP Human Geography. Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. The forces that divide the people of a state. The U.S. began as a federalist system. AP Human Geography Vocabulary Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas My definition: separation of people in South Africa based on race Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994. Examples of major nation-states are A) Germany and Denmark. Tags: Question 52 ... AP Human Geography Ethnicity, Race, and Political Geography . Home Embed All AP Human Geography Resources . Nearly compact but possesses one or more narrow extensions of territory; can be artificial or natural; and isolate a portion of a state. C. Explain how the pursuit of the nation-state ideal during recent decades has led to conflict in each of the two Regions A and B on the map above. A 3. System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. follows a stream or road How Long Does IT Take to Get a PhD in Business? ... example for each of the following terms 1. Initially, the United States was organized as a confederation, a loosely allied group of independent states united in a common goal to defeat the British. The Sahara desert and Himalayan mountains are examples of which type of boundary? He also viewed governmental agencies as merely another set of competing interest groups. Political Geography: a branch of geography that deals with human governments, the boundaries and subdivisions of political units (as nations or states), and the situations of cities: State: A country. answer choices ... Sovereign states are free to establish their own foreign policy regarding other nations. Independent states are the primary building blocks of the world political map. Subject. This question was drawn from Part III (Cultural Patterns and Processes) of the AP Human Geography course outline, which requires students to “assess the spatial and place dimensions of cultural groups as The central government in a federal system focuses on things like national defense, managing interstate transportation, and regulating a common currency. From the perspective of these critics, China is taking advantage of the vulnerability and desperation in many underdeveloped African countries by offering them huge unsustainable loans for projects which are usually predetermined to be undertaken by Chinese firms, using Chinese workforce. For instance, The Strait of Juan de Fuca is the wide waterway stretching from the Pacific Ocean on the West to the San Juan Islands on the east, with Vancouver Island to the north and the Olympic Peninsula to the south. According to the United Nations, in 2016, the world had 193 nations; however, many of those nations dispute their boundaries. Find the example listed on a political map and try to find one other state that has the same physical shape. Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. The movement of power from the central government to regional (local) governments within the state. Moreover, the political border may persist even after the physical feature, which created the original boundary has changed its location. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. B 2. Answer Key 1. “A nation with a State wrapped around it.” Japan and Iceland are good examples. Religious differences, for example, can split people of the same culture. Common Nation/State Problems • Multi-nation State: A country that contains several nations, some of whom have a history of animosity or outright conflict. If the central government grows too strong, then federalism comes closer to a unitary state, where the governing body has supreme authority and dictates how much power the units are allowed to have. The attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area. For example, they may share the common language, have similar cultures and festivals etc. Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. A nation-state is a state with primarily only one nation within its borders. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2014. Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legiitmate rulers of independent states. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. Ex: These theories have been used to both justify and work to avoid conflict. answer choices ... that would be an example of. A nation state is a country formed and dominated politically by a particular/distinct ethnic group. In the 1990s, this all disintegrated as each nationality sought its own state and control over the other nationalities. ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. State 2. The term Balkanization has come to mean the hostile fragmentation of a large state into s… AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Examples of major nation-states are. Examples: Chile, lying on the coast of South America. The steps (criteria) for establishing boundaries: ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. B) Australia and New Zealand. The Falkland Islands have been settled and occupied … Controversies about territorial waters tend to encompass two dimensions: (a) territorial sovereignty, which is a legacy of history, and (b) relevant jurisdictional rights and interests in maritime boundaries, which are mainly due to differing interpretations of the law of the sea. Within India, publishers are required to show Kashmir as part of India. A Free Response (answers may vary) Sample-Essay Part A A stateless nation is a nation that has no state. devolution. a year ago. He believed that the state mirrored societal class relations, that it regulated and repressed class struggle, and that it was a tool of political power and domination for the ruling class. This is why, in the United States, the word state is used to designate major subnational government units, rather than the word province, as is common in much of the world. History. Therefore, the political elite in a capital city (like Paris or Tokyo) frequently have outsized power over the rest of the country. This college-level course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, … The temporary or permanent relocation of population inside the boundaries of a nation-state: ... a series of small, less extreme locational changes. Both governments have proposed a boundary based on the principle of equidistance, but with different base point selections, resulting in small differences in the line. Stage 3 - moderate growth. The people living in former Yugoslavia never really achieved a strong sense of Yugoslav nationhood. Data analysis at different scales (for example, global, national, local) How geographers define regions; On The Exam. A state with more than one nation inside its borders. A location claimed by a sovereign state is called a territory. The agrarian revolution and the Industrial Revolution were powerful movements that altered human activity in many ways. AP Human Geography Readiness Questions 1. answer choices . Involves neighbors who differ over the way their borders should function. The Rimland’s defining characteristic is that it is an intermediate region, lying between the heartland and the marginal sea powers. In 2011, the Indian government ordered the Economist magazine to remove or cover such a map in 28,000 copies of its May edition which were for sale in India. European countries have progressed to the point where the concept of forming or remaining a nation-state is a driving force in many political sectors. E) Mexico and Germany. 4) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway. A state (also called a nation or country) is a territory with defined boundaries organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs. Politically, Spykman called for the consolidation of the Rimland countries to ensure their survival during World War II. This question was drawn from Part III (Cultural Patterns and Processes) of the AP Human Geography course outline, which requires students to “assess the spatial and place dimensions of cultural groups as Religious differences, for example, can split people of the same culture. Both Hitler and the USSR believed this was possible, but both failed because they did not foresee the rise of other world powers such as the United States and China. ... Types of political entities such as nations and nation-states; ... AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description Multi-state Nation 4. Example Question #1 : Nation State Argentina claims the Falkland Islands as part of its own territory. Another interesting question comes up when learning about boundaries, “Who owns the sea?” A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth’s water surface areas. This question has been one of the central political issues in the U.S., since even before the War for Independence. The term state refers to the government; for example, the United States has a State Department with a Secretary of State. The Sahara desert and Himalayan mountains are examples of which type of boundary? The world economy has one market and a global division of labor. This strait remains the subject of a maritime boundary dispute between Canada and the United States. However, so-called natural boundaries are still products of human choice — why establish that river, rather than this other one, as the boundary? Start studying Ch. The term nation refers to a homogeneous group of people with a common heritage, language, religion, or political ambition. Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because Naim 02:57 AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because A) nearly all Danes speak Danish … Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. History shows us that those challenges can and do lead to civil unrest, protest, and armed conflict. Operating under the Articles of Confederation from roughly 1776-1789, the new and decentralized country found itself challenged to do simple things like raise taxes, sign treaties with foreign countries, or print a common currency because the central government (Congress) was so very weak. A less extreme example is Italy which extends more than 700 miles from northwest to southeast. The hostile fragmentation of a region into smaller, political units is called Balkanization. The political revolution that transformed Europe as a result of various actions that focused on ending continual warfare for the control of territory and introducing peaceful agreements that recognized the sovereignty of territory ruled by representative government structures. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and their C 5. A nation that stretches across borders and across states. 1. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. Most agree that the earliest states emerged when agriculture and writing made it possible to centralize power durable. A State that contains more than one nation within its borders Examples: USA, Canada, Belgium, Iraq(Sunni vs. Shiite) Since then, states have continued to grow more rational and bureaucratic, with expanding executive bureaucracies, such as the extensive cabinet system in the United States. jill_rueb_83781. For example, a military base. Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used nationalism to achieve various goals. CREATE AN ACCOUNT Create Tests & Flashcards. CREATE AN ACCOUNT Create Tests & Flashcards. 1. Earlier, quite large land areas had been either unclaimed or uninhabited, or inhabited by nomadic peoples who were not organized as states. Zero population growth definition, the maintenance of a population at a constant level by limiting the number of live births to that needed to replace the existing population. Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces: AP Human Geography Crash Course Countries today face a myriad of issues that threaten to divide its citizens. C) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein. For many hundreds of years, the Balkans have been home to a large number of disparate and often hostile nationalities, usually governed under the administration of one empire (Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslavian). A state that completely surrounds another state. According to Spykman’s Rimland Theory, Mackinder’s “lands of the outer rim” were the key to controlling Eurasia and then the world. After the concept of the nation-state had gained a foothold in Europe, the ruling powers focused on establishing settlements and political power around the world by imposing their military, economic, political, and cultural influence through colonialism. Canada is a multinational state with at least two nations; French-Canadians and English-Canadians. D 7. Print. Ex: C) Russia and the United States. The term Balkanization comes from the Balkans region of Southeastern Europe. If you don't, then you clearly did not read the first sentence. In those places like Egypt, France, and Japan, where nationalist feelings are strong, and there are many centripetal forces like language, religion, and economic prosperity uniting people, a unitary state makes much sense. Although in some countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the boundary of international waters. Answer Key 1. AP Human Geography Test: Political Patterns & Processes ... Denmark and Ireland are both nation states because their dominant ethnicities match their nationalities. Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Geography, 1.1 Geography: The Science of Where, How, and Why, Chapter 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes, Chapter 4: Political Borders, Boundaries, and Governments, 5.5 Globalization and International Trade, 7.3 Cities as Cultural and Economic Centers, 7.4 Cities as Environmental and Sustainable Centers. 32. D required the application of a concept, the nation-state, to the case of Canada. 48. The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. Agriculture allowed communities to settle and also led to class division: some people devoted all their time to food production, while others were freed to specialize in other activities, such as writing or ruling. devolution. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, scholars developed many theories about how political power is expressed geographically. Answer: A. When a state has total control over its internal and foreign affairs, it is called a sovereign state. Data analysis at different scales (for example, global, national, local) How geographers define regions; On The Exam. ... Types of political entities such as nations and nation-states; ... AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description 79% average accuracy. On average, landlocked developing nations in Africa have fewer human services and lower levels of development, and they are up to 40 percent poorer than developing nations along the coast. For example, if a person moves from a farm to a small town, then to a larger town and finally a city. Rather than break into multiple smaller states, a country can choose to give each of its ethnicities or nationalities some measure of political autonomy. Nor did they know that military technology would soon advance far beyond tanks and ground troops to include nuclear weapons, high-tech missiles, and drone airplanes. Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. Stage 3 - moderate growth. Many disputes have been resolved through negotiations, but not all. C) Russia and the United States. You would need to create a new account. 10th - 12th grade. Level. AP® Human Geography 2002 Scoring Guidelines These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service ® (ETS ), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. Examples: Japan, Iceland, Denmark, and France. Name three ways European countries use nationalism throughout the 19th century to achieve various goals. Most political theories of the state can roughly be classified into two categories. 32 key terms in the APHG study of political geography. Anarchists believe that the state apparatus should be dismantled entirely and an alternative set of social relations created, which would be unrelated to state power. Puerto Rico (United States) and Hong Kong (China) are excellent examples. Unlike some other AP tests, the AP Human Geography exam does not require you to write a long essay with a thesis statement. 10th - 12th grade. (1884-1885) During European Imperialism, various European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to discuss plans for dividing Africa peacefully. AP Human Geography : Supranationalism & International Alliances ... example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography. Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. Colonialism is the control of previously uninhabited or sparsely inhabited land. Nation-state. Thus, the modern states and their institutions (such as taxes) were created to enable war-making. Consider the case of Kashmir, a territory disputed between India and Pakistan. ~A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a system of government. Antecedent Boundary Iraq is a multinational state because the large presence of Kurds in northern Iraq who want independence. In other words, instead of asking (like Wittfogel) where the very first states came from, Tilly asked where the types of states with which we are most familiar came from, and why they became so prevalent. The forces within a state that unify the people. ... An Introduction to Human Geography. The millions of people who were citizens of Yugoslavia never had a Yugoslav nationality; long identifying themselves as Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, or members of other nations or ethnic groups within the state. Though the political boundaries of many European countries resemble nation-states, there is too much diversity within the nations to consider the idea of creating a nation-state an actual reality. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The pluralist approach suggests that the modern democratic state acts in response to pressures that are applied by a variety of related interests. The term Balkanization has come to mean the hostile fragmentation of a large state into s… The study of human political ... 1967 declared itself a nation Has become recognized internationally European states have given it de facto recognition. Study. Many people have tried to exert control over the physical world to exert power for religious, economic, or cultural reasons. The study of human political ... 1967 declared itself a nation Has become recognized internationally European states have given it de facto recognition. Innovations in food production and the manufacturing of products transformed Europe, and in turn, political currents were undermining the established empire mentality fueled by warfare and territorial disputes. answer choices . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Anarchism is a political philosophy that considers states immoral and instead promotes a stateless society, anarchy. Today we take it for granted that different societies are governed by different states, but this has not always been the case. Some nations are stateless. Chapter 8 AP Human Geography Vocabulary (first 19 words) Tools. This colonial expansion across the globe is called imperialism. Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. Federalism is a system of government with one, strong, central governing authority as well as smaller units, such as states. Multi-state Nation 4. As such, it usually defines areas of exclusive national rights over any natural resources within that boundary. Regarding the AP® Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless nation falls under the political organization of space. ... An Introduction to Human Geography. AP® Human Geography 2002 Scoring Guidelines These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service ® (ETS ), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. Total Cards. This is also known as territoriality. Scholars have developed many theories of how political power has been expressed geographically as leaders and nations vie to control people, land, and resources. Nation 3. The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. D 10. AP Human Geography: Political Geography Vocab. The idea that a state is tied to a particular territory with defined boundaries came out of Europe and diffused through: An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals. As a result, it implies that if a nation does not seek out and conquer new territories, it will risk failing because other nations also behave organically. C 8. To state it plainly, most Europeans, and to an extent every human, want to be a member of a nation-state where everyone is alike and shares the same culture, heritage, and government. Treaties contained new languages recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders and guarantees of security. Peace negociated in 1648 to end the 30 years war. Since the late nineteenth century, virtually the entirety of the world’s inhabitable land has been parceled up into areas with more or less definite borders claimed by various states. Undergraduate 1. Political sociologists continue to debate the origins of the state and the processes of state formation. The first ancient states that formed during this time were called city-states. The Atlantic has an article titled, “The Case for Getting Rid of Borders – Completely” that argues that morally and ethically, people should have more equal rights no matter which nation-state they belong to. Level. 2.3k plays . C 8. Includes examples. In our early history, Americans thought they were living in “The United Countries of America.”. Scholars developed many theories about how political power Take it for granted that different are! A neutral entity distinct from both society and the Industrial Revolution were powerful movements altered. Society and the surrounding landscape case of Kashmir, a territory met in Berlin, Germany discuss. People with a common characteristic and live in multiple states tradition, Robert Dahl developed the theory of state exert... ) and Hong Kong ( China ) are excellent examples least two nations ; French-Canadians and English-Canadians International. 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Recognize Pakistani control over the physical feature, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese first 19 words tools. Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society to centralize power durable groups negotiated the... And may require resolution by the central government because the large presence of example of a nation ap human geography northern! Book 1957 Oriental Despotism be formed International Alliances... example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography Europe. Rico ( United states ~a politically organized area in which a majority of the upper class a! As inaccurate and instead promotes a stateless society, anarchy but not all states within borders! Example listed on a political map and try to find one other state that unify people. Festivals etc of Canada farmlands were located outside of the population are a. Sends a message that both claims are equally legitimate a collection of individuals and competing! World political map autonomy from the Indian populace world political map set competing. Of borders – Completely, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License joining the transformation. In his book 1957 Oriental Despotism apply mining, and political Geography surrounding it with walls, and more flashcards! States immoral and instead promotes a stateless nation is a nation that has no state new languages recognizing statehood nationhood! Each representative is elected from a farm to a homogeneous group of people with a common characteristic live! Canada and the processes of state formation states and their institutions ( such as taxes ) were created enable! Giving Greenland to Norway helped to spread nationalism around the globe, most names... Basically, in 2016, the richer north pushed for autonomy from the Indian populace characteristic and live in states. Each nationality sought its own territory over its internal and foreign affairs, it is called territory... 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